Chemical Composition and Storage Study of Debittered Orange-Seed Flour
Ernest Eguono EMOJORHO *
Department of Food Science and Technology, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria.
Onyekachukwu Mabel ADINKWU
Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Delta State. Nigeria.
Uyoyoghene Oghenekome UDUDUA
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria.
Ferdinard Nnamdi OKOH
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria.
Chukwudi OGWU
Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Delta State. Nigeria.
Charles Chukwudi OGBOLI
Enviromental System Engineering and Management, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada.
Agnes APHIAR
Department of Microbiology, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Delta State. Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Sweet oranges are among the most important citrus fruit crops in the world. Waste orange seeds are haphazardly thrown into the environment, creating an unpleasant atmosphere and producing an odor that attracts insects and provides them with a place to reproduce. The study's objective was to ascertain how orange-seed flours' chemical composition and storage characteristics were impacted by debittering processes. After the orange seeds were carefully removed from the fruits, they were submerged in water for twelve hours, boiled for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 0C, and then manually dehulled, crushed, and filtered, with half of the seeds being defatted with 100% alcohol. The flours' pH, moisture content, titratable acidity, peroxide value, and microbiological quality were all measured. The results reported 0 to 20 cfu/g mold, 0.3 to 2.8 meq/kg peroxide value, 3.0 x 102 to 2.6 x 105 total viable count, 0.15 to 2.25% titratable acidity and 4.41 to 7.10 pH. The flour' titratable acidity, peroxide value, and total viable count all rose while they were stored, but their pH decreased. Microbiologically safe, but the products could become harmful to your health after six months. Materials discarded in the production industry, such as orange seeds, can be upgraded, and used to make valuable commodities that reduce environmental pollution. This research would assure the conversion of orange seed waste into a usable product, because of their nutritive and technological properties.
Keywords: Defatted, undefatted, debittering, shelf-life, microbiological properties