Anti-inflammatory Effect of Plant - Derived Resveratrol in Carrageenan- Induced Inflammatory Model in Wistar Rats
Uzoefuna Casmir Chima
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, State University of Medical and Applied Sciences, Igbo-eno, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Agu Francis Uchenna
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Gregory University Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria.
Egharevba Jovita
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
Ani Celestine Okafor *
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Rhema University Aba, Abia State, Nigeria.
Ejim Nnamdi Ferdinand
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Nnachi Ifenna Salvator
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Agbor Joseph Ikenna
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Nweke Luke Maduka
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, State University of Medical and Applied Sciences, Igbo-eno, Enugu State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Inflammation is a protective biological response to harmful stimuli but may cause tissue damage when excessive or prolonged. Carrageenan-induced inflammation is a widely used experimental model for studying anti-inflammatory agents. Plant-based resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. However, its effects on hematological parameters, inflammatory cytokine, and paw edema in carrageenan-induced inflammatory responses require further investigation.
Objective: This study investigated the Anti-inflammatory effect of plant-drived resveratrol in carrageenan-induced inflammatory responses in Wistar rats by assessing body weight, hematological parameters, paw volume, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels.
Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n=5): normal control, carrageenan-induced untreated group, carrageenan plus resveratrol (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), and carrageenan plus diclofenac sodium (25 mg/kg). Inflammation was induced using 0.1 ml of 10% carrageenan. Treatments were administered orally, and parameters including body weight, white blood cell count, red blood cell count, paw volume, and IL-6 levels were evaluated.
Results: Data were analyzed using Stattistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 29) and results were expressed as mean ± SD using one way ANOVA at P<0.05. Carrageenan induction significantly (P<0.05) increased white blood cell count, paw volume, and IL-6 levels while decreasing red blood cell count compared to the control group Treatment with plant-based resveratrol significantly reduced inflammatory markers, decreased paw edema, lowered IL-6 levels, and restored hematological parameters toward normal values in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-inflammatory effects were comparable to diclofenac sodium, particularly at moderate and high doses.
Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol may be attributed to its antioxidant activity, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine, and modulation of immune responses. These mechanisms help reduced leukocyte activation, cytokine production, and inflammatory tissue swelling. Plant-derived resveratrol effectively attenuates carrageenan-induced inflammatory responses in Wistar rats by improving hematological parameters, reducing cytokine levels, and inhibiting paw edema. These findings support its potential as a natural and effective anti-inflammatory agent.
Keywords: Resveratrol, carrageenan, inflammation, tissue necrosis factor